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Type | Example | |||||||
Use of en dash | IEEE uses the en dash for a number of applications indicating numerical ranges such as page ranges, reference ranges, figure ranges to mention the most common uses. (The en dash – is available in the symbols font in MS Word program). For other uses, please refer to the IEEE Editorial Style Manual p. 24. | |||||||
Pagination |
In text references can include reference to specific page(s), especially if you wish to draw the reader's attention to a specific part of the work, for example a table, or where a quote comes from. Also, specific page numbers may be included in the in text reference if you need to refer to the same source on a number of occasions. The reference list at end of the work may also include pagination details when you are citing references pertaining to part of a work within a work for example, a book chapter, or journal article. For example: [5, p.12] |
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Citing a single page | p.67 | |||||||
Citing range of pages | pp. 67–73 Note: use en dash for page ranges. | |||||||
Single author | In Text Citation example: As Kahn noted [1].... Reference list example: [1] J. M. Kahn, “Wireless infrared communications,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 85, pp. 265–298, 1997. |
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Two authors |
In Text Citation example: Browne and Kleeman stated in [8] that.... Reference list example: [2] D.C. Browne and L. Kleeman, “An advanced sonar ring design with 48 channels of continuous echo processing using matched filters,” in Proc. IEEE/RSJ Int. Conf. Intell. Robots Syst., Oct. 2009, pp. 4040–4046. |
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Six or more authors |
In Text Citation example: Use et al. for six or more authors in the in text reference. For example: W. Shakespeare et al. described the various purposes of citing information in [9]. Reference list example: However, the Reference list will list all the authors for example: [3] W. Shakespeare, A. Rosencrantz, B. Guildenstern, C. Hamlet, D. Ophelia and E. Polonius, Shakespeare's Plays, Robots Performance and Audience Reactions and Interactions. Wellington, New Zealand: AI Publications, 2009. Note: There are some examples in IEEE where et al. is used in the reference list for three or more authors. However, listing all the authors in the reference list makes it easier to find the correct reference. |
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Corporate authors |
Authors can be organisations, associations, government agencies, institutions or corporations, such as:
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Single editor | W. Dorset Ed. | |||||||
Two editors | P. M. Anderson and A. Gray Eds. | |||||||
Citing multiple sources in the one sentence |
Multiple non consecutive references: To alleviate high computational cost, several papers attempt to solve the sensor scheduling problem by using uboptimal methods while giving reasonable results [1], [5], [8]. Multiple references - range: The sensor scheduling problem has extensively been studied in the past [1]–[5]. The above examples were taken verbatim from: S. Maheswararajah, S. K. Halgamuge, and M. Premaratne. (2009, Mar.) Sensor scheduling for target tracking by suboptimal algorithms. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., [Online]. vol. 58, (no. 3), pp. 1467-1479. Available: http://www.malinp.com//publications/TVT_2009_58_1467.pdf The semicolon can be used to separate phrases as shown in example below: Some students can inadvertently plagiarise by not understanding how to and when to reference as shown in studies by Sato [6], [7]; and surveyed in [10]–[12]; Smith et al. [14] |
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Citing the same source multiple times |
IEEE doesn't use the terms "ibid" or "op cit" for referring to the same source more than once. The IEEE style references the work once, and then uses that same number throughout the body. In text example: In text referencing of J-M. Redoute et al.
This example has excerpts of phrases leading up to the numbered in text reference, just as they appear in the body of the journal article. The multiple references to a single source are highlighted in blue, numbers 3 and 7. Reference list example: coresponding Reference list from J-M. Redoute et al. This example shows the coresponding Reference list from J-M. Redoute et al., and demonstrates how references [3–7] appear. Note they appear only once in the reference list. [For the full journal article depicted in Fig. 1-2 see J.-M. Redoute, C. Walravens, S. Van Winckel, M. Steyaert, "An externally trimmed integrated DC current regulator insensitive to conducted EMI," IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 63-70, Feb. 2008.]
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Citing a source within a source
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Citing a source within a source, sometimes referred to citing a secondary source. In some referencing styles, such as author/date the writer would acknowledge the original work in the intext citation. For example: Anderson and Gray's study of the auditory perception of pitch in the voice (as cited in Mcardle, 1985) proved...
Fig. 1. Secondary and original references Instead of citing the 2009 book that describes how dung beetles smell as cited in a 2005 journal article, Andy will use the IEEE method of citing the original work. So Andy cites the 2005 journal article that conducted the research on how these insects smell. Andy's reference will look like this:
(Other referencing styles, not IEEE, require works consulted, but not used directly, go into a bibliography.) |